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PHP References: How They Work, and When to Use Them

19 November 2010 / 17 Comments

References are a very useful part of PHP and, for that matter, most other programming languages. However, references can be somewhat confusing when you first start learning about them.

This tutorial is a gentle introduction to references in PHP. You find out what references are, and how they work. You learn how to create and delete references, as well as pass references to and from functions. You also explore some other uses of references, and discover situations where PHP creates references automatically on your behalf.

Using foreach to Loop Through PHP Arrays

27 May 2010 / 2 Comments

Often you need to move through all the elements in a PHP array so that you can do something with each element’s value. For example, you may want to display each value in an HTML table, or give each element a new value.

In Counting PHP Array Elements Using count(), I showed how you can use a for loop along with the count() function to loop through an array. However, there’s a much easier way to loop through arrays: the foreach construct.

In this article you learn the basic syntax of foreach, and see how to use it to loop through both indexed and associative arrays.

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